Literature

Donn F. Draeger, The Martial Arts of Indonesia : A Guide to Pencak Silat, Kuntao and Traditional Weapons, Tuttle Publishing
Preserved in music, dance, and art-as well as in ritual, tribal law, and mythology-the fighting arts of the Indonesian archipelago play a central role in Indonesian culture.
The Martial Arts of Indonesia is a heavily illustrated and well-researched work from revered martial arts scholar and teacher Donn F. Draeger. Draeger offers an expert's perspective on the story of Indonesia's martial culture, providing a comprehensive introduction to the sophisticated forms of empty-hand combat. These acrobatic fighting styles like Pencak Silat-which was granted World Cultural Heritage status by UNESCO in 2019-and Kuntao are growing in popularity around the world.
This book also has extensive information on traditional Indonesian weapons including:
Keris: A dagger with a waved blade and pistol-grip handle
Kujang: A sickle-shaped dagger with a distinctive curve
Rencong: An L-shaped knife with a slightly curved blade
Draeger shows how these unique Indonesian forms are related to their mainland cousins, provides a historical context for their development, and describes the various combat methods employed throughout Indonesia. This edition includes a new foreword by Gary Nathan Gartenberg, the world's leading expert on Indonesian martial arts, which explains the lasting importance of this classic study of an ancient martial tradition.
With over 400 photos and illustrations of moves and weapons that showcase the intricacies of the Indonesian fighting forms, The Martial Arts of Indonesia is an indispensable addition to any martial artist's library.

Hideharu Onuma, Dan De Prospero, Jackie De Prospero, Kyudo: The Essence and Practice of Japanese Archery, Kodansha International, March 2013

Kyudo-the Way of the Bow-is the oldest of Japan's traditional martial arts and the one most closely associated with bushido, the Way of the Warrior. After the Second World War Eugen Herrigel introduced the concept of kyudo to the West in his classic Zen in the Art of Japanese Archery. But until now, no Japanese kyudo master has published a book on his art in English.
In Kyudo: The Essence and Practice of Japanese Archery, Hideharu Onuma and his American co-authors, Dan and Jackie DeProspero, explain in detail both the spiritual and practical aspects of kyudo. Written with both novices and advanced students in mind, the book is presented in simple, straightforward language and features hundreds of detailed illustrations, supplemented by rare photographs of Master Onuma, clearly demonstrating the fundamental techniques and daily practice of this form of "standing Zen."
Including chapters on equipment and kyudojo construction, Kyudo: The Essence and Practice of Japanese Archery is the most comprehensive reference work on the subject available. Special sections on problem solving and shitsu (errors) also make it a unique teaching and learning resource, and the concluding shiteimondo (teacher-student dialogue) provides unparalleled insights into the thoughts and teachings of a true master of the martial arts.
HIDEHARU ONUMA was the 15th-generation headmaster of the Heki Ryu Sekka-ha school of archery and kyudo banshi, 9th dan. He was born in Tokyo in 1910 into a highly respected archery family. Onuma sensei, who was instrumental in introducing kyudo to the West, believed that kyudo belonged not just to the Japanese but to the whole world. Until his death in 1990 he made regular trips abroad to demonstrate and teach his art.

Irving L Finkel, Colin MacKenzie, Asian games: the art of contest. New York: Asia Society 2004

Asian Games: The Art of Contest highlights the paramount importance of Asia as a source of chess, backgammon, pachisi, go, playing cards, polo, and many other games now played worldwide. By exploring the evolution and social functions of games in Asia and their transmission to other regions, this exhibition illuminates significant, yet unfamiliar aspects of Asian cultures and their legacy.
Asian Games is organized into four broad categories: Chance includes the games of dice, pachisi (Parcheesi), and the Indian game that inspired Snakes and Ladders; Strategy explores games in which positions and battlegrounds are paramount, such as chess and weiqi. Memory and Matching looks at playing cards, dominoes, and mahjong; and Power and Dexterity examines physical games like kickball and polo. In each section, examples of games and depictions of their use help all visitors, from the playful to the scholarly, explore how games were adopted into new cultural contexts, how they reflected traditional roles of power, class, and gender, and many other fascinating topics.

Itzik Cohen, Karate Uchina-Di: Okinawan Karate: An Exploration of its Origins and Evolution, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017

The book investigates the deep roots of Okinawan Karate and its gradual evolution and development prior to the 20th century, revealing important cross currents in the evolution of Okinawan Karate.
Part 1 defines the background and the historical field in which Karate developed.
Part 2 elaborates on the issues discussed in Part 1 and thoroughly investigates changes, trends and stages of progress that have been influential in bringing Karate into the 20th century.
The book investigates the relationships between Okinawan-te and the Chinese, Japanese and even Siamese environments. It advances the discussion of significant topics such as the Bubishi and White Crane, and analyzes the subject of Shaolin Monastery Combat thoroughly, as well as its relationship with Chinese Martial Arts and Ryukyuan Bare-Hand Combat.
The extensive quantity of material is supported by references to historical sources that are examined carefully and in accordance with their relevance and reliability. The book traces and defines the characteristics of those who engaged in ancient Ryukyuan Bare-Hand Combat, their skills, the nature of their activities and the development of Ryukyuan-te, which became known as Okinawan-te, and then later became known as Karate.
The author awarded the honorable title of - Writer of the Year - By “The International Ryukyu Karate Research Society” (IRKRS)/December 2017.

Olatz González Abrisketa, Basque pelota, a ritual, an aesthetic, Center for Basque Studies, Series: The Basque Series (Book 20), 2012

The game of pelota is, as Wilhelm von Humboldt described it, "the principal festival of the Basques," and is, for Pío Baroja, "the Basque game par excellence." Indeed, as Olatz González Abrisketa aptly demonstrates in Basque Pelota: A Ritual, an Aesthetic, pelota is one of the most revealing frameworks of meaning and understanding of the Basque imaginary. By digging into the historic, symbolic, and even mythological roots of the sport, and by describing interconnected webs of meaning in the various domains of social, juridical, bodily, and imaginative experience, she shows how pelota constitutes a ritualized action that both stages and repairs social antagonisms by offering a "deep play" that prevents violent conflict and implies paramount cultural transformation for the Basques. Furthermore, she shows that the joko or "agon" of pelota has a foundational role in culture; the metaphoric extensions of "hand", "pelota", and "body"; and how the fronton or plaza is the Basque public space par excellence and a monument to the community's memory.

Olatz González Abrisketa is an anthropologist and professor of anthropology from the Basque Country. Her research expertise includes sports, nations, gender and feminist studies, rituals and symbolism, and filmmaking. She is also a prized documentarian.

"This vibrant and communitarian game had to wait for Olatz Gonzalez Abrisketa for a much-needed ethnography that would reveal its social and symbolic dimensions."
—Joseba Zulaika, author of That Old Bilbao Moon

Niko Besnier, Susan Brownell, Thomas F. Carter, The Antropology of Sport, Bodies, Borders, Biopolitics, Oakland: University of California Press, 2018

Bruce R. Bethers, José A. Caracena, Te Hodoki, Traditional Jujutsu, Blurb 2020
Within the evolution that the Japanese martial arts have had during the last centuries, survive techniques that were developed in feudal Japan for real combat, for war or for survival itself, an example is the Hodoki waza or escape techniques or release. The aim of the Hodoki waza was mainly to free itself from a grip that prevented the weapon from being grasped so that once released from the grip it could be used. Escape techniques currently play an important role in any method of self-defense, since they are the bridge between the first reaction of the attacked and the subsequent technical defense sequence. We consider necessary in any school of budo / bujutsu or self-defense the serious and formal study of Hodoki waza and in particular of Te Hodoki (escapes of hands). In this work we mainly develop the Te Hodoki used in the old Jujutsu schools and also in some forgotten kata of traditional Judo, making a tour of its history, about the basic concepts and principles of application, about anatomy and the functional capacity of the joints, etc. In the technical chapter we developed more than 40 technical series for various grips (direct, inverted, two-handed grips, from behind, flaps, etc.).

R.C. Bell, Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations, Dover Publications; Revised edition (1979)

There are many authoritative books on card games and chess, but only a handful on the dozens of other games known to mankind. This excellent handbook by R. C. Bell is a basic reference to board and table games from around the world, and one of the two or three finest books ever written on the subject. Originally published in two volumes in the 1960's, it is now available for the first time in a corrected, one-volume edition.
Mr. Bell's encyclopedic work provides the rules and methods of play for 182 different games: Ma-jong, Hazard, Wei-ch'I (Go), backgammon, Wari, Continental draughts, Pachisi, Japanese chess, Bidou, Domino Loo, Cribbage, and many others. Volume one is divided into chapters devoted to race games, war games, games of position, Mancala games, dice games, and domino games; volume two follows the same arrangement and then proceeds to games with numbers, card games requiring boards, and games requiring manual dexterity. Additional information is furnished on making boards and pieces, and on gaming-counters.
Game players, toymakers, and historians of culture will welcome this guided tour of games from Egypt, Meso-America, the Orient, India, Persia, Rome, Africa, Victorian England, and many other societies. Over 300 illustrations, both photographs and line drawings, add an illuminating counterpoint to the text.

Jürgen Wasim Frembgen, Paul Rollier, Wrestlers, Pigeon Fanciers and Kite Flyers: Traditional Sports and Pastimes in Lahore, Oxford University Press, 2014

In today's Pakistan the dominant conservative mindset tends to marginalize leisure activities. However, traditional sports and pastimes, games and play, entertainment and amusement are an expression of happiness and joy and an integral part of popular culture. They represent a cultural system and preserve cultural values.

The dimension of playfulness inherent in traditional sports and pastimes is clearly articulated in the culture of the Punjab in general and of Lahore in particular, especially in the Walled City. The popular pastimes selected for this study, namely wrestling, flying pigeons and kite fighting, are almost emblematic of the Walled City, an urban space where wrestlers, pigeon fanciers and kite flyers appear to be the veritable custodians of Lahori culture.

This is the first book that details these traditional sports and pastimes, which, the authors argue, form an integral part of social life in Pakistan and create important bonds between various communities.

Jie Tian, Justin Ma, The Way of Archery: A 1637 Chinese Military Training Manual, Schiffer Military History, 2015
The Way of Archery provides a detailed introduction to practicing archery in the traditional Chinese military style. It explains the basics of how to shoot using the Asian thumb ring: proper posture, training regimen, equipment, and avoiding pitfalls in shooting. The thorough translation and commentary (with original and new illustrations) provide a fresh and practical perspective on Gao Ying’s 1637 archery treatise (which, itself, influenced generations of archers in East Asia). The authors themselves are active practitioners of Chinese archery, having spent an endless amount of time and effort vetting their understanding of this old manual and putting its ideas into practice. Through this process, the authors have been able to make this archery text accessible to modern readers. Not only will the reader come to understand the technical side of the Way of Archery, but will connect with the philosophy and spirit of the ancient Chinese warriors.

Robert Potter Elmer (Author), Nabih Amin Faris (Translator), Arab Archery: An Arabic Manuscript of About A.D. 1500, Martino Fine Books, 2016

2016 Reprint of the 1945 edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. When it was first published, this was the first work on the subject from the medieval Arab world that had been made available in English. The original manuscript which formed the basis for this translation is contemporary with Ascham's "Toxophilus", which is considered the only source of detailed knowledge of English archery. The Arabic manuscript is thorough and authoritative, evidently the work of an expert bowman. It can still serve as a textbook on archery to this day.

Miguel Pic,Pere Lavega-Burgués, Jaume March-Llanes, Motor behaviour through traditional games, Educational Studies, Volume 45, 2019 - Issue 6

This work studied if decision-making differences between girls and boys existed in different versions of the traditional game called la pelota sentada according to their roles, sub-roles (decisions), valence (cooperation or opposition) and level of adjustment (effectiveness) of motor behaviours. One hundred and twelve compulsory secondary education and further education pupils took part in the study. The age range was 12 to 17 years (M = 14.2; SD = 2.2). The observational design was nomothetic, one-time and multidimensional. A mixed system of registration “ad hoc” was designed. Univariate analyses were performed using contingency tables, and for multivariate analysis the CHAID classification tree statistical technique was used. The study enabled us to assess the effectiveness of the players’ motor behaviour types and to expose a system of asymmetrical motor relationships underlying the superficial view of a motor game. The study verified decisions, asymmetric motor relations and different effectiveness in the behaviour of girls and boys.

Piero Frau, S’Istrumpa, Manuale storico didattico, Alfa Editrice, 2013

The volume proposes a didactic analysis on one of the most remote forms of physical expression in the Mediterranean, offering a report on the discipline, starting from the most ancient historical events up to its diffusion on the island. "S'Istrumpa", therefore, as a symbol of a sporting identity that has characterized Sardinia since the past, as a Sardinian national sport, with a recognized historical root and a contextual documentary traceability in the archaeological sources of the Nuragic memory - as the bronze statue of the wrestlers found in the territory of Uta - but also in the communities of Sardinia.

Brian J Sorrells, Beginner's Guide to Traditional Archery, Stackpole Books, 2004

Easy-to-understand instruction for traditional archery Covers both target shooting and bowhunting Includes the author's exclusive tiered training program for instinctive shooting with in-depth advice on selecting bows, arrows, and accessories.The popularity of traditional archery has exploded in recent years, and this handy, readable guide serves as the perfect introduction for anyone looking to break into the sport.
From selecting arrow shafts to refining your form to entering your first tournament, it explains in straightforward, no-nonsense prose how to get started.
Whether you've never shot an arrow or are making the move from compound bows, you're certain to benefit from the author's time-tested training program for instinctive shooting, which develops a foundation of shooting skill through repetition.

Juegos y Deportes Autóctonos y Tradicionales de México
Autor: Federación Mexicana de Juegos y DD.AA.TT.
Editorial: Trillas.
Año: 2009.
Idioma: Español.
Historia y recopilación de los juegos y deportes autóctonos mexicanos.

Action, recreation and development of physical and mental skills are common factors of games and sports. In this book, the only one of its kind in Latin American history, the group of recreational activities inherited by the pre-Hispanic cultures from Mexico is presented, many of which are still practiced in different communities of our country. The description of each of these games and sports is an invitation to recover free, recreational and enjoyable activity in which not only children and youth. If not adults can also have fun through physical exercise and the development of intellectual skills. Compilers refer to the origin of each activity, refer to the place where it is practiced and clearly explain how it is executed. The work is aimed at physical education teachers from preschool to high school who can implement these games and sports at school, as complementary activities in order to balance and train students. Its content is also of interest to parents looking for healthy and dynamic entertainment for their children.

David Benjamin, Sumo: A Thinking Fan's Guide to Japan's National Sport, Tuttle Publishing, 2010

Sumo is a fresh and funny introduction to the fascinating world of sumo, Japan's national sport. Author David Benjamin peels away the veneer of sumo as a cultural treasure and reveals it as an action-packed sport populated by superb athletes who employ numerous strategies and techniques to overcome their gargantuan opponents. Sumo provides an engaging, witty, behind-the-scenes look at sumo today.

Steve Craig, Sports and games of the ancients, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002
Sports enthusiasts will find this volume a valuable resource for discovering the earliest beginnings of our modern-day sports.
Divided according to seven geopolitical regions of the world, Sports and Games of the Ancients describes the sports, games, and play of our earliest ancestors. Their need for survival in often hostile conditions enable them to develop skills such as long distance running or archery, and these skills were then practiced in friendly competitions that evolved into our modern-day marathons and Olympic events. Covering such games as Africa's mancala and senet, the martial arts of Asia, the log run and Tejo of Latin America, and the boomerang and surfing of Oceania, this volume provides a solid picture of the sports and games of our ancient ancestors.

N Sathiya Moorthy, Jallikattu: New Symbol of Tamil Angst, Vitasta Publishing Pvt. Ltd, 2018

In mid-January 2017, the Tamil Nadu witnessed mass protests throughout the State, demanding the restoration of the martial bull-taming sport of Jallikattu, a cultural tradition, banned for several years by the Supreme Court of India. For the first time since the anti-Hindi agitation of the Nineteen Sixties, southern Tamil Nadu witnessed a similar kind of public frenzy of peaceful consolidation as never before.
But with a singular difference...
Unlike the anti-Hindi agitation in the State or any other popular protest elsewhere in the country post-Independence, there was no readily identifiable organiser or leaders for the ‘Restore Jallikattu’ protests. It was not just about the sport alone, but more about what the Tamil people felt was an ‘increasing and deliberate’ alienation of their interests–-by the Centre, the neighbouring States, their own Tamil Nadu government and polity--with adequate judicial attestation.
This book analyses the issues and causes of such alienation, starting with how an inadequate understanding of the cultural significance and contemporary relevance of Jallikattu led to a Constitutional impasse. But it goes beyond it, too, defining the 'Tamil angst' in black and white.

Robert W. Smith, Pa-Kua: Chinese Boxing for Fitness and Self-Defense, Kodansha International Ltd.; First Edition 1967
Originally published in 1967, Pa-Kua was the West’s first look into the esoteric Chinese martial arts. It has been a valued and sought after text ever since. It was put out of print in the 1970s, but since that time interest in the martial arts have continued to skyrocket. Pa-Kua gives an introduction to the little known mystical martial art from China, Pa Kua Chang (also known as Ba Gua Zhang), translated as "Eight Trigram Boxing". Smith describes its history, profiles its great practitioners and gives a series of unique exercises, illustrating the solo practice and their fighting applications.

J.W. (Bill) Fitsell, How hockey happened, Pictorial History of the Origins of Canada's National Winter Game, Quarry Press, 2008

A book by hockey historian J.W. (Bill) Fitsell, who puts to rest the longstanding debate over hockey's origin. How Hockey Happened tells the real story of the game's roots in a number of 19th century stick-ball games -- Native American gugahawat and European hurling, shinty, bandy, and field hockey, as well as North American shinny, ricket, and ice polo.

G. Whitney Azoy, Buzkashi: Game and Power in Afghanistan, Waveland Pr Inc; 3 edition, 2011
Much has happened since Buzkashi: Game and Power in Afghanistan first appeared; the past three decades have devastated Afghanistan. Replete with significant updates, including a new chapter profiling Afghanistan's past and recent struggles, this richly illustrated Third Edition remains the first and only full-scale anthropological examination of a single sport, buzkashi, as well as a beautifully written longitudinal case study about the game s social significance.
Azoy first describes how the game of buzkashi is played and introduces readers to its rich history, its roots in tradition, and the implicit and explicit meanings attached to it. Next, readers learn about the author's fieldwork and his ex-pat diplomatic experiences, including his personal journey toward understanding the complexities of this ancient game with its "wild-card quality." Azoy's captivating descriptions and his incisive analysis of buzkashi as a metaphor for political control and chaos, provide a window into the volatile nature of Afghanistan's political autonomy.

Theodore R. Whitman, History of Archery, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; 1st Edition (August 3, 2017)

Learn all about the history, development and current state of History of Archery in this collection of articles by author/expert Theodore R. Whitman. From it's beginnings in the Epipaleolithic period, progress through ancient history and the middle ages; and continuing through to the present day, this interesting book covers archery through many periods of human history. The bow & arrow are known to have been invented by the end of the Upper Paleolithic, and for at least 10,000 years archery was an important military & hunting skill, and is featured prominently in the mythologies of many cultures. Archers, whether on foot, in chariots and on horseback were a major part of most militaries until about 1500 when they began to be replaced by firearms, first in Europe, and then progressively elsewhere.

In these links you can obtain the free book:
https://portal.edu.gva.es/cefireae/wp-content/uploads/sites/217/2020/04/Els-jocs-en-la-hist%C3%B2ria-Definitiu-Llibre-Actes-congr%C3%A9s.pdf

Bruce R. Bethers, Jose A. Caracena, Gabriel García, Kazuo Ito Goshin Jutsu - Traditional Judo, 2019

In this book you will find the study about the method of personal defense (Goshin Jutsu) of the teacher Kazuo Ito, who was undoubtedly the best student of Kyuzo Mifune.
Both were exceptional Judokas, defenders of tradition, of the highest values of Budo and to protect the legacy of Jigoro Kano.
Kyuzo Mifune and Kazuo Ito followed the teachings and advice of Jigoro Kano and years after his death they continued to teach the world a Judo complete, including in their works and videos various types of techniques that are not used today in sports Judo, as for example dislocations of dolls, knees, ankles, atemi waza and different forms of self-defense

Guy Jaouen, Matthew Bennett Nichols, Celtic Wrestling, The Jacket Styles, FILA (Federation Internationale des Luttes Associees), 2007
Published by FILA, the amateur Olympic wrestling association based in Switzerland. Printed in Bretagne, France, March 2007. This is a long awaited authoritative book on Celtic jacket wrestling in Europe and America, as well as south Africa, Australia, and elsewhere. There are 184 pages, most of which is historical, including many beautiful color plates of illuminated manuscripts and old wrestling plates. This book also has a technical section which demonstrates 18 core techniques of Cornu-Breton wrestling. The results of the Inter-Celtic wrestling championships (1928-2006) are also contained. This is the most comprehensive book done, to date, on this esoteric Western martial sport. Written in English. A must for any wrestling or martial arts enthusiast.

“The Story of Catch” (2019) by Ruslan C Pashayev, a pro-wrestling history enthusiast from Delaware, Ohio, USA.

This book presents a pivotal study in restoring the history of Lancashire Catch Wrestling. Seven years of research in libraries, local studies, archives, museums, memoirs of individuals, historical books, documents, newspapers, magazines, and even in registration/record offices have all played a part in unearthing the truth about the origin and evolution of Lancashire Catch Wrestling.

This story has many heroes who affected Catch in its early stages and remained in history as true symbols of Lancashire Wrestling. But the whole story is dedicated to the memory of Adam Ridings of Bury, Lancs (1819-1894), who was also known under the nickname of “Dockum of Bury” a pioneer of Catch Wrestling, and the most prominent and popular wrestler of Lancashire in the 1840’s-1850’s.

“The Story of Catch” covers the earliest and most forgotten stages of Lancashire's Catch Wrestling history. Many of the most important subjects within that are covered in this work.

Various folk wrestling styles which were historically practiced in different parts of England.

Catch-as-catch-can. The history of the term and different kinds of Catch Wrestling in England.

Introduction of old Catch Wrestling by the immigrants from Continental Europe in East Lancashire and West Yorkshire in 14-17 centuries

Professional Up and Down Fighting and its major centers in East Lancashire, Pre-1800s.

Introduction of Modern Catch Wrestling in East Lancashire, 1820s.

Professionalism and Rules of the Game.

The first pro wrestling superstars, 1840s-50s.

The Golden Era of Catch Wrestling. The Earliest Championship Titles.
The Great Champions of the 1860s.

The Era of Claimants, Post-1860s.

The Lancashire Superstars in America, 1870s-1900s.
The Wrestling Boom in Great Britain, 1899-Pre WW1.

Catch Wrestling in XX century (Britain, North America, and Continental Europe).

For anyone with a serious interest in history of pro wrestling “The Story of Catch” is a must.

Alexandre Bidon, Robert Henri Bautier, Pierre Bony, Jeux, sports et divertissement, au Moyen Âge at à l’ Âge classique, Actes du 116e Congrès National des Sociétés Savantes, Chambéry 1991, Paris, Année de parution : 1993

Le présent volume reproduit dix-neuf communications présentées au 116e Congrès national des Sociétés savantes, à Chambéry en 1991. Un rapport introductif de J.-M. Mehl dresse un état des lieux historiographique et bibliographique. Deux études régionales suivent, qui visent à appréhender globalement, dans le temps et l’espace social, les jeux, fêtes et divertissements dans le Poitou (R. Favreau) et le Centre (R. Germain) du Moyen Âge. La pratique du jeu, de hasard ou d’adresse, fait l’objet d’une deuxième section : pratique individuelle de rois, du Philippe Auguste adulte (R.-H. Bautier) au Louis XIII enfant (Th. Depaulis), sur lesquels la documentation, comptable ou médicale, permet de jeter une vive lumière ; pratique collective d’anonymes dont seules la violence, la criminalité et la répression judiciaire permettent de connaître les gestes et les motivations. Beaucoup plus obscure, la pratique de ce que nous définissons aujourd’hui comme sport, voit converger des disciplines et des sources variées : lexicographie et histoire des idées lorsqu’il faut étudier la doctrine chez un Hugues de Saint-Victor (M. Lemoine) ; iconographie et archéologie lorsque l’historien recherche les traces les plus modestes des activités ludiques liées à l’hiver (D. Alexandre-Bidon) ou à l’eau (C. Gouédo-Thomas) ; étude des textes normatifs réglementant la Compagnie des chevaliers tireurs de Chambéry (P. Chappaz). Les sources se font en général plus riches pour les fêtes et célébrations collectives : des courses de taureau (A.M. Rodrigues) aux réceptions obligées dans les villes (J.-P. Leguay), de l’art progressivement affiné de la basse-danse (C. Ingrassia) au périple du convoi funèbre de René II de Laval en 1533-1534 (P. Bony) ; des fêtes de chevalerie bourguignonnes (J.-P. Jourdan) et angevines (Chr. de Mérindol) aux divertissements publics portugais (M.J. Palla) et savoyards (A. Mansau), se perçoit l’écho, aussi profond que divers, de mises en scène lourdes de sens.

Gordon Muir, Yang Style, Traditional Long Form T’ai Chi Ch’uan, as Taught by Master T.T.Liang, Blue Snake Books, 2008

Gordon Muir began his martial arts studies at the age of twelve, followed by years of serious study of a wide variety of disciplines including judo, kyokushinkai, karate, kempo, several kung fu styles, and kickboxing. Eventually he discovered the internal martial arts, which led to t’ai chi and Master T. T. Liang, renowned teacher of Yang style. The culmination of the author’s longtime study of this style is this enlightening look at the Yang style of t’ai chi. Focusing on the revered traditional form rather than the more recently created short form, the book describes in depth the type of movement t’ai chi strives for that distinguishes it from other martial arts. Clear and concise instructions help students understand how to move in order to create internal strength. Numerous photographs and detailed descriptions showcase and simplify the movements, which include the traditional Yang stances, hand and arm positions, and moving and powering. Written in a simple, engaging style, the book is designed to help new students get started in this rewarding tradition and more advanced practitioners deepen their knowledge of it. (Amazon review)

The book about Ranggeln from Günther Heim

Robert Crego, Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th centuries, Greenwood Press. Sports & Recreation, 2003

Many of today's sports and games have their roots in the 18th and 19th centuries. Their history allows you to get to know the life and culture of that world. Great Britain played an important role, which, being a global power, had a particularly strong impact on sport. Using the dominant role, Great Britain promoted many Western sports according to certain rules, limiting traditional sports and games in regions that it colonized, e.g. in Africa. The publication shows the rules of many sports and games of that period.